Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources:
Documents:
“Declaration of Independence (1776).” American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web 2 Mar. 2014.
This is the exact text as written on the Declaration of Independence. This is a credible source, and the copy was found on a database, which ensures the validity of all the documents in the site. Reading an actual copy of the Declaration is the best way to know what it really says.
"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
I decided to include this just as a link when I mention the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in the Effects section.
Newspapers:
"Declaration of Independence." Fort Worth Morning Register 21 Aug. 1900: 4.America's Historical Newspapers. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/HistArchive/? p_product=EANX- K12&p_theme=ahnp_k12&p_nbid=L64K55TRMTM5NTE1MzkyMS4yMzc0NjM6MToxMD
poaWxsbXVycmF5&p_action=doc&p_docid=&p_docref=v2:114CE3079797F678@EAN
X-K12-11536FE8049124C8@2415253-11536FE944482930@3- 11536FECF956AE30@Declaration%20of%20Independence>.
This newspaper describes the scene in one of the colonies after the Declaration was read. There were 13 cannon shots fired and 13 toasts made.
“Incidents of the Signing of the Declaration of Independence.” Minneapolis Tribune 14 July 1876. 2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/569094927?accountid=1591>.
This newspaper talks about what it was like at the actual signing. I used a quote from this newspaper.
"Rhode-Island, and Providence Plantations, Newport, July 22, 1776." New-York Journal 8 Aug. 1776: 1. America's Historical Newspapers. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw- search/we/HistArchive/?p_product=EANX- K12&p_theme=ahnp_k12&p_nbid=L64K55TRMTM5NTE1MzkyMS4yMzc0NjM6MToxMD
poaWxsbXVycmF5&p_action=doc&p_docid=&p_docref=v2:10DC31E31E090A88@EANX- K12-10DE9B6CA7C3C770@2369951- 10DE9B6CB9E9D228@0- 10DE9B6D6FBFB1A0@Rhode> .
In this newspaper, the Declaration is declared supreme to all other works of language (except things like the Sermon on the Mount, the Lord's prayer, and the 10 Commandments, to which the Declaration is equal). It gives me a vivid picture of what the Americans thought of their Declaration.
Pictures:
Back of the Declaration of Independnece. N.d. National Archives. The National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/treasure/back_of_declaration.html>.
This is a picture of the back of the Declaration, used in the Fun Facts section.
The Bloody Massacre. 1770. Colonial Williamsburg. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. <http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume8/sept09/primsource.cfm>
This is a picture of one of the pamphlets displaying the Boston Massacre, used in Colonist's Opinions.
Common Sense. 1776. Amo Probos. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. <http://amoprobos.blogspot.com/2013/02/common-sense.html>.
This is a picture of an original Common Sense book, used in Colonist's Opinions.
Declaration of Independence. 1776. National Archives, Washington D.C. SUA Breaking News. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. <http://www.standupamericaus.org/historical-documents/declaration/>.
This is a picture of the Declaration currently on display at the National Archives, used as a background, on the home page, and on the Fun Facts page.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen. 1789. Guided History. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
This is a picture of France's Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, used in the Long Term Effects section.
Dunlap Broadside. 1776. Yale, New Haven,CT.
This is a picture of the Dunlap Broadside copy of the Declaration that resides at Yale, I used this in the fun facts section.
"Early draft of Declaration." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
This is a picture of a rough draft of the Declaration, used in the Writing the Declaration section.
Lee Resolution. N.d. National Archives. Richard Henry Lee's Resolution. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/07_Special-Documents/Historical- Documents/1776_Lee's-Resolution.html>.
This is a picture of the Lee Resolution, used in the Congress Decides to Write a Declaration section.
Trumbull, John. Declaration of Independence. 1819. United States Capitol Rotunda, Washington D.C.
This is a picture of the back of a two dollar bill, showing the signing of the Declaration, used in the Writing the Declaration section.
Walcutt, William. Pulling Down the Statue of George III. 1857. Lafayette College Art Collection, Easton, PA. The Charteres of Freedom. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_zoom_pages/charters_of_
freedom_zoom_1.2.1.html>.
This is a painting of excited New York colonists tearing down King George III's statue, used in the Fun Facts section.
Zveg, V. Battle of Virginia Capes. 1962. Hampton Roads Naval Museum, Norfolk, VA. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
This painting is of the Battle of Virginia Capes, used in the Dangers of Declaring Independence section.
Quotes:
“John Adams: quote on the Declaration of Independence.” American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
This quote from John Adams claims that the decision to ratify the Declaration of Independence was the greatest decision ever made in America and perhaps the greatest in all of history. I got this source off of a database which means that it has already been verified that it is an actual quote. It gives me a first hand insight into how monumental all of the American people thought this action was.
Secondary Sources:
Articles:
Harrison, Elizabeth. "9 Things You May Not Know About the Declaration of Independence."History. A&E Television Networks, 4 July 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.history.com/news/9- things-you-may-not-know-about-the-declaration-of-independence>.
I used this article found on the History channel's website for some of the facts in the fun facts section of the website.
“On This Day: Declaration of Independence Published.” FindingDulcinea. FindingDulcinea, 4 July 2011. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July- August-08/On-this-day—Declaration-of-Independance-Published.html>.
This article goes into detail on how the Declaration was actually written. It explains that Thomas Jefferson was chosen by the Committee of Five to draft the Declaration. The source does not contain any opinions, just straight forward facts that can be verified, which makes it credible. This source helped me to understand how the Declaration of Independence was actually created.
Stockdale, Nancy. “Declaration of Independence.” In American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
This reading focused on the events that happened around the time the Declaration was being written as well as on the opinions of the colonists as the idea of independence gained popularity. This source is a credible source. I accessed it through a database that has already checked its credibility. This is a very helpful source because it helps me to understand more about why the Declaration was signed.
Books:
Compston, Christine, and Rachel F. Seidman, eds. Our Documents 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Print.
This book tells of the short-term effects of the Declaration. This is a reliable source because it is printed by Oxford and has used information found in the National Archives. I used this source a lot for my short-term effects section.
Maier, Pauline. “Declaring Independence.” 1997. Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791. 2nd ed. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2000. 180-89. Print.
This section in this book was a spectacular source, especially for the historical background section. It was full of great information that I actually used.
Papers:
Armitage, David. “The Declaration of Independence in Global Perspective.” History by Era. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History., 2007. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. <http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/road-revelution/essays/declaration-independence- global- perspective>.
This is a credible source written by a history professor at Harvard. This source mainly helps with the effects section and goes into detail on long and short term effects.
Websites:
“The Declaration of Independence (1776).” Bill of Rights Institute. Bill of Rights Institute, 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2014. <http://billofrightsinstitute.org/founding-documents/declaration-of- independence/>.
This website talks about the structure of the Declaration and how it was written. This helps a lot with the writing of the declaration section.
"Fascinating Facts about the Declaration of Independence." Constitution Facts. Oak Hill Publishing Company, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.constitutionfacts.com/us-declaration-of- independence/fascinating-facts/>.
I used this website to find a lot of the facts that I used for the fun facts page on the website.
Kindig, Thomas. “Signers of the Declaration of Independence.” USHistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 4 July 1995. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <www.ushistory.org/Declaration/signers/index.htm>.
I didn't take much information from this site, but I thought that it was cool to have bios on all of the signers in one place, so I included a link to this site in my website.
“Primary Documents in American History Declaration of Independence.” Web Guides. Library of Congress, 13 Nov. 2013. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/DeclarInd.html>.
This source is a list of dates as to when various events involving the Declaration of Independence happened. This source is a reliable source because it was created by researchers from the Library of Congress. It is extremely useful because it has all of the dates listed in one place.
Documents:
“Declaration of Independence (1776).” American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web 2 Mar. 2014.
This is the exact text as written on the Declaration of Independence. This is a credible source, and the copy was found on a database, which ensures the validity of all the documents in the site. Reading an actual copy of the Declaration is the best way to know what it really says.
"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.
I decided to include this just as a link when I mention the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in the Effects section.
Newspapers:
"Declaration of Independence." Fort Worth Morning Register 21 Aug. 1900: 4.America's Historical Newspapers. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/HistArchive/? p_product=EANX- K12&p_theme=ahnp_k12&p_nbid=L64K55TRMTM5NTE1MzkyMS4yMzc0NjM6MToxMD
poaWxsbXVycmF5&p_action=doc&p_docid=&p_docref=v2:114CE3079797F678@EAN
X-K12-11536FE8049124C8@2415253-11536FE944482930@3- 11536FECF956AE30@Declaration%20of%20Independence>.
This newspaper describes the scene in one of the colonies after the Declaration was read. There were 13 cannon shots fired and 13 toasts made.
“Incidents of the Signing of the Declaration of Independence.” Minneapolis Tribune 14 July 1876. 2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. <http://search.proquest.com/docview/569094927?accountid=1591>.
This newspaper talks about what it was like at the actual signing. I used a quote from this newspaper.
"Rhode-Island, and Providence Plantations, Newport, July 22, 1776." New-York Journal 8 Aug. 1776: 1. America's Historical Newspapers. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw- search/we/HistArchive/?p_product=EANX- K12&p_theme=ahnp_k12&p_nbid=L64K55TRMTM5NTE1MzkyMS4yMzc0NjM6MToxMD
poaWxsbXVycmF5&p_action=doc&p_docid=&p_docref=v2:10DC31E31E090A88@EANX- K12-10DE9B6CA7C3C770@2369951- 10DE9B6CB9E9D228@0- 10DE9B6D6FBFB1A0@Rhode> .
In this newspaper, the Declaration is declared supreme to all other works of language (except things like the Sermon on the Mount, the Lord's prayer, and the 10 Commandments, to which the Declaration is equal). It gives me a vivid picture of what the Americans thought of their Declaration.
Pictures:
Back of the Declaration of Independnece. N.d. National Archives. The National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/treasure/back_of_declaration.html>.
This is a picture of the back of the Declaration, used in the Fun Facts section.
The Bloody Massacre. 1770. Colonial Williamsburg. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. <http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume8/sept09/primsource.cfm>
This is a picture of one of the pamphlets displaying the Boston Massacre, used in Colonist's Opinions.
Common Sense. 1776. Amo Probos. Web. 14 Mar. 2014. <http://amoprobos.blogspot.com/2013/02/common-sense.html>.
This is a picture of an original Common Sense book, used in Colonist's Opinions.
Declaration of Independence. 1776. National Archives, Washington D.C. SUA Breaking News. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. <http://www.standupamericaus.org/historical-documents/declaration/>.
This is a picture of the Declaration currently on display at the National Archives, used as a background, on the home page, and on the Fun Facts page.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen. 1789. Guided History. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
This is a picture of France's Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, used in the Long Term Effects section.
Dunlap Broadside. 1776. Yale, New Haven,CT.
This is a picture of the Dunlap Broadside copy of the Declaration that resides at Yale, I used this in the fun facts section.
"Early draft of Declaration." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.
This is a picture of a rough draft of the Declaration, used in the Writing the Declaration section.
Lee Resolution. N.d. National Archives. Richard Henry Lee's Resolution. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/07_Special-Documents/Historical- Documents/1776_Lee's-Resolution.html>.
This is a picture of the Lee Resolution, used in the Congress Decides to Write a Declaration section.
Trumbull, John. Declaration of Independence. 1819. United States Capitol Rotunda, Washington D.C.
This is a picture of the back of a two dollar bill, showing the signing of the Declaration, used in the Writing the Declaration section.
Walcutt, William. Pulling Down the Statue of George III. 1857. Lafayette College Art Collection, Easton, PA. The Charteres of Freedom. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_of_freedom_zoom_pages/charters_of_
freedom_zoom_1.2.1.html>.
This is a painting of excited New York colonists tearing down King George III's statue, used in the Fun Facts section.
Zveg, V. Battle of Virginia Capes. 1962. Hampton Roads Naval Museum, Norfolk, VA. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
This painting is of the Battle of Virginia Capes, used in the Dangers of Declaring Independence section.
Quotes:
“John Adams: quote on the Declaration of Independence.” American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
This quote from John Adams claims that the decision to ratify the Declaration of Independence was the greatest decision ever made in America and perhaps the greatest in all of history. I got this source off of a database which means that it has already been verified that it is an actual quote. It gives me a first hand insight into how monumental all of the American people thought this action was.
Secondary Sources:
Articles:
Harrison, Elizabeth. "9 Things You May Not Know About the Declaration of Independence."History. A&E Television Networks, 4 July 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.history.com/news/9- things-you-may-not-know-about-the-declaration-of-independence>.
I used this article found on the History channel's website for some of the facts in the fun facts section of the website.
“On This Day: Declaration of Independence Published.” FindingDulcinea. FindingDulcinea, 4 July 2011. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July- August-08/On-this-day—Declaration-of-Independance-Published.html>.
This article goes into detail on how the Declaration was actually written. It explains that Thomas Jefferson was chosen by the Committee of Five to draft the Declaration. The source does not contain any opinions, just straight forward facts that can be verified, which makes it credible. This source helped me to understand how the Declaration of Independence was actually created.
Stockdale, Nancy. “Declaration of Independence.” In American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
This reading focused on the events that happened around the time the Declaration was being written as well as on the opinions of the colonists as the idea of independence gained popularity. This source is a credible source. I accessed it through a database that has already checked its credibility. This is a very helpful source because it helps me to understand more about why the Declaration was signed.
Books:
Compston, Christine, and Rachel F. Seidman, eds. Our Documents 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Print.
This book tells of the short-term effects of the Declaration. This is a reliable source because it is printed by Oxford and has used information found in the National Archives. I used this source a lot for my short-term effects section.
Maier, Pauline. “Declaring Independence.” 1997. Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791. 2nd ed. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2000. 180-89. Print.
This section in this book was a spectacular source, especially for the historical background section. It was full of great information that I actually used.
Papers:
Armitage, David. “The Declaration of Independence in Global Perspective.” History by Era. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History., 2007. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. <http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/road-revelution/essays/declaration-independence- global- perspective>.
This is a credible source written by a history professor at Harvard. This source mainly helps with the effects section and goes into detail on long and short term effects.
Websites:
“The Declaration of Independence (1776).” Bill of Rights Institute. Bill of Rights Institute, 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2014. <http://billofrightsinstitute.org/founding-documents/declaration-of- independence/>.
This website talks about the structure of the Declaration and how it was written. This helps a lot with the writing of the declaration section.
"Fascinating Facts about the Declaration of Independence." Constitution Facts. Oak Hill Publishing Company, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. <http://www.constitutionfacts.com/us-declaration-of- independence/fascinating-facts/>.
I used this website to find a lot of the facts that I used for the fun facts page on the website.
Kindig, Thomas. “Signers of the Declaration of Independence.” USHistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 4 July 1995. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. <www.ushistory.org/Declaration/signers/index.htm>.
I didn't take much information from this site, but I thought that it was cool to have bios on all of the signers in one place, so I included a link to this site in my website.
“Primary Documents in American History Declaration of Independence.” Web Guides. Library of Congress, 13 Nov. 2013. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/DeclarInd.html>.
This source is a list of dates as to when various events involving the Declaration of Independence happened. This source is a reliable source because it was created by researchers from the Library of Congress. It is extremely useful because it has all of the dates listed in one place.